Working Holiday Visa

No. The Working Holiday Visa is one of the few pathways where the work authorization is built into the visa itself. You do not need an employer to sponsor you before applying.

Yes, but strictly according to the bilateral agreement. Generally, you can work up to 40 hours per week, but your residence permit will specifically state 'Scambi Giovanili' (Youth Exchange).

Italy makes this difficult. Conversion from Working Holiday to a standard 'Lavoro Subordinato' (Employee) permit usually requires a quota slot under the *Decreto Flussi*, unless you qualify for a quota-exempt route like the EU Blue Card.