Self-Employed Work Visa

Yes — unlike the employer-led Cuenta Ajena route, you bear full responsibility. You must submit Form TA.1 yourself to the Social Security Treasury and affiliate with the Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers (RETA) within 1 month of arriving in Spain and commencing your business activity. Late registration results in penalties and retroactive contribution demands.

No — with one exception. Standard self-employed workers (*autónomos*) running general commercial activities are explicitly excluded from the Special Tax Regime for Inpatriates (Beckham Law). However, if you qualify as a Digital Nomad (earning primarily from foreign clients) and apply via the *Teletrabajo Internacional* route, the Beckham Law does apply to you.

A complete *Proyecto de Establecimiento* typically includes: a company description and legal structure, market analysis and competitive positioning, detailed financial projections for years 1–3 (P&L, cash flow, balance sheet), staffing plans, evidence of market demand in Spain, and estimated job creation impact. UPTA or ATA can provide templates and validation services for approximately €200–€600.

Processing takes 60–120 days. Spain's Aliens' Office reviews the business plans rigorously — applications with incomplete financial projections or unvalidated plans are routinely rejected. The process involves the Provincial Aliens' Office, the local Chamber of Commerce assessment, and in some cases a Ministry referral. Hiring a Spanish immigration lawyer significantly reduces rejection risk.

Yes. Once established as an autónomo in Spain and holding a valid residence permit, you can hire Spanish or properly authorized foreign workers using the standard Cuenta Ajena route as the employer. You must register as an employer with the Social Security system before hiring your first employee.

Yes. Your initial permit is tied to the specific business activity described in your approved *Proyecto de Establecimiento*. Changing the nature of your business substantially requires notifying the Aliens' Office. Minor expansions within the same sector generally do not require re-authorization, but pivoting to an entirely different industry does.